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Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study sites

From: Linking soil organic carbon mineralization to soil physicochemical properties and bacterial alpha diversity at different depths following land use changes

Former land use pattern

Current land use pattern

Abbreviation

Tree age

Main understory species

Density

Wheat–corn system

Gingko plantation

G

16

Oxalis corniculata, Ipomoea nil

3 m × 3 m

Wheat–corn system

W

Wheat, corn

Metasequoia plantation

M

7

Fern

0.8 m × 0.8 m

Gingko–wheat–corn system

GW

16

Wheat, corn

2 m × 8 m

Gingko–metasequoia system

GM

16 (G), 7 (M)

Fern

2 m × 8 m (G), 0.8 m × 0.8 m (M)