Functional responses to deforestation in fish communities inhabiting neotropical streams and rivers

Cantera, Isabel; Jézéquel, Céline; Dejean, Tony; Murienne, Jérôme; Vigouroux, Régis; Valentini, Alice; Brosse, Sébastien

doi:10.1186/s13717-023-00463-8

Ecological Processes

Table 1 Results of the linear mixed models testing the effects of deforestation and the upstream–downstream gradient on the functional indices in stream and river ecosystems

From: Functional responses to deforestation in fish communities inhabiting neotropical streams and rivers

Ecosystem	Functional index	Independent variables	Slope	P	R²_M	R²_C	Moran’s I P
Streams	Functional richness	Deforestation gradient	− 0,02	0.481	0.39	0.39	0.3
	Functional richness	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,11	< 0.001	0.39	0.39	0.3
	Functional divergence	Deforestation gradient	0,00	0.91	0.09	0.24	0.19
	Functional divergence	Upstream–downstream gradient	− 0,01	0.076	0.09	0.24	0.19
	Functional evenness	Deforestation gradient	− 0,01	0.029	0.14	0.14	0.17
	Functional evenness	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,00	0.64	0.14	0.14	0.17
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 1	Deforestation gradient	− 0,01	0.002	0.25	0.25	0.18
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 1	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,00	0.947	0.25	0.25	0.18
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 2	Deforestation gradient	− 0,01	0.303	0.18	0.18	0.55
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 2	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,01	0.019	0.18	0.18	0.55
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 3	Deforestation gradient	0,00	0.269	0.09	0.09	0.25
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 3	Upstream–downstream gradient	− 0,01	0.155	0.09	0.09	0.25
Rivers	Functional richness	Deforestation gradient	− 0,08	< 0.001	0.53	0.54	0.5
	Functional richness	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,00	0.722	0.53	0.54	0.5
	Functional divergence	Deforestation gradient	− 0,01	0.013	0.12	0.2	0.1
	Functional divergence	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,01	0.008	0.12	0.2	0.1
	Functional evenness	Deforestation gradient	0,00	0.791	0	0.66	0.26
	Functional evenness	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,00	0.766	0	0.66	0.26
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 1	Deforestation gradient	0,01	< 0.001	0.09	0.64	0.61
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 1	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,00	0.107	0.09	0.64	0.61
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 2	Deforestation gradient	0,00	0.9	0.36	0.36	< 0.001
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 2	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,00	0.4	0.36	0.36	< 0.001
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 3	Deforestation gradient	0,00	0.043	0.68	0.68	0.62
	Functional identity along PCoA axis 3	Upstream–downstream gradient	0,01	< 0.001	0.68	0.68	0.62

For each index (response variable), a specific mixed model was built with basin identity included as a random effect. Marginal R² (R²_M) accounts for the variance explained only by fixed variables, while conditional R² (R²_C) accounts for the variance explained by the entire model. Significant effects (P < 0.05) were highlighted in bold. Moran’s I P values indicate if the residuals of the models show patterns of spatial autocorrelation (i.e., P < 0.05)

Back to article page