Fig. 1

a, c Principal component analysis of years (dots) and b, d Pearson’s correlation of raw (a, b) and standardized (c, d) tree-ring parameters of Cedrela fissilis. Raw data (tree-ring in mm, tree-ring density in g cm⁻³, and z-scores of elements) and residual index of tree-ring width (RW), wood density (RD) together with series of aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), strontium (Sr), aluminum to calcium (Al/Ca), calcium to manganese (Ca/Mn), potassium to calcium (K/Ca), strontium to calcium (Sr/Ca) and manganese to sulfur (Mn/S) are projected in a reduced dimension space defined by principal components PC1 (x axes) and PC2 (y axes). The PCA and correlation were computed over the 1940–2018 period