Fig. 5
Bar plots showing the loadings between observed factors and corresponding factor categories (latent variables) according to partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). The factors with empty bars were below the loading threshold (< 0.7) to the corresponding factor category, and thus were not used in the final PLS-PM. Relative abundance of total bacteria was marked as NA (not applicable) due to that all values are same as 1 thus being forbidden by PLS-PM. DO, dissolved oxygen; DIN, dissolved inorganic nitrogen; SP, suspended particles; COD, chemical oxygen demand; Chl-a, chlorophyll-a; PD, phylogenetic diversity; Richness, ZOTU richness; Shannon, Shannon–Wiener index; Abundance, relative abundance; Cohesion ratio, |negative cohesion/positive cohesion|