Fig. 4
From: Priority effects of forbs arriving early: the role of root interaction and asymmetric competition
Overall net benefits or costs of mixed community in different priority treatments. The overall net benefit value of mixed community was defined as the sum of the benefits of species sown early and the costs of species sown late. The higher the overall net benefit value, the better the sowing order for the construction of mixed community. Lc-first, Leymus chinensis was sown first in mixed community; Mr-first, Medicago ruthenica was sown first in mixed community; Ar-first, Allium ramosum was sown first in mixed community. Different capital letters represent significance levels (P < 0.05) between sowing order treatments; different lowercase letters represent significance levels (P < 0.05) between isolation methods