Table 3 Percentage of target pesticides leached by aqueous and organic solvents
Solvent | Volume | Nitenpyram | Acetamiprid | Chlorantraniliprole | Emamectin benzoate | Buprofezin | Avermectin B1A | Carbendazim | Oxadixyl | Metalaxyl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water solution | 1 | 67 ± 0.2 | 74.4 ± 1 | 53.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 53.6 ± 2.8 | 41.5 ± 1.2 | 64 ± 1.5 |
2 | 28.4 ± 1.9 | 33.5 ± 2.1 | 25.2 ± 4.2 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 23.7 ± 2.5 | 22.2 ± 2.8 | 30.8 ± 1.4 | |
3 | 5.1 ± 2.6 | 8.5 ± 3.4 | 7.9 ± 3.2 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 8.2 ± 2.7 | 11.6 ± 1.1 | 6.9 ± 3.8 | |
4 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 4 ± 2.5 | 3.9 ± 2.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 4.5 ± 2.5 | 8 ± 2.5 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | |
5 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 2.3 ± 1 | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 1 ± 0.6 | |
6 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | |
7 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 1 ± 0.3 | 3 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | |
Methanol | 8 | 0.1 ± 0 | 0.5 ± 0 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 24.3 ± 9.8 | 6.6 ± 3.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 5.5 ± 2.4 | 0.2 ± 0 |
Acetonitrile | 9 | 0.1 ± 0 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 17.7 ± 6.4 | 4.4 ± 2.1 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 6.6 ± 2.7 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
Isopropanol | 10 | 0 ± 0 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 2 ± 0.8 | 16.3 ± 2.6 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 7.5 ± 1.5 | 0.2 ± 0 |
11 | 0 ± 0 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 6.5 ± 5.6 | 1.2 ± 1 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | |
12 | 0 ± 0 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 3 ± 3.3 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 1.7 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | |
13 | 0 ± 0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0 | 1.7 ± 1.8 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0 ± 0 | |
14 | 0 ± 0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0 ± 0 | |
Subtotal | Water solution | 103.4 ± 2.1 | 123.8 ± 6.2 | 94 ± 2.4 | 0 ± 0 | 0.1 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 94.5 ± 1.6 | 95.3 ± 2.1 | 106.1 ± 6.5 |
Organic solvent | 0.1 ± 0 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 1 | 8.4 ± 0.2 | 71.1 ± 1 | 17.2 ± 2.8 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 25 ± 1.9 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | |
Total | 103.6 ± 2.1 | 126.4 ± 6.8 | 98.9 ± 3.4 | 8.4 ± 0.2 | 71.2 ± 1 | 17.2 ± 2.8 | 98.4 ± 2.2 | 120.4 ± 4 | 107 ± 6.6 | |
Water solution/organic solvent | 799.16 | 46.74 | 19.22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24.36 | 3.81 | 121 | |
Solvent | Volume | Diethofencarb | Boscalid | Tebuconazole | Isoprothiolane | Hexaconazole | Difenoconazole | Pyraclostrobin | Trifloxystrobin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water solution | 1 | 48.6 ± 1 | 24.4 ± 0.3 | 12.6 ± 0.4 | 29.9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.8 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
2 | 28.4 ± 3.8 | 16.2 ± 4.9 | 10.4 ± 3.5 | 24.9 ± 6.3 | 8.4 ± 2.9 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | |
3 | 10.3 ± 4.3 | 9.3 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 2.2 | 14.5 ± 3.7 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | |
4 | 5 ± 2.7 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1 | 8.3 ± 3.2 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | |
5 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 3 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | |
6 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | |
7 | 1 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | |
Methanol | 8 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 6 ± 2.6 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 4 ± 0.6 | 7.8 ± 2.7 | 16.7 ± 7.8 | 15.4 ± 7.8 | 11.3 ± 4.3 |
Acetonitrile | 9 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 6.1 ± 2.2 | 4.9 ± 1 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 7 ± 1.4 | 13.8 ± 5.2 | 12.5 ± 5.6 | 8.1 ± 2.1 |
Isopropanol | 10 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 6.1 ± 2.1 | 4.8 ± 2.2 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 13.6 ± 1.9 | 11.5 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 2 |
11 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 2.4 | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 2.8 | 5.6 ± 5.1 | 5.2 ± 4.9 | 2.8 ± 2.7 | |
12 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 1.6 | 1.2 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 1.5 ± 1.8 | 2.7 ± 3.1 | 2.8 ± 3.3 | 1.5 ± 1.7 | |
13 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 1.7 | 1.5 ± 1.8 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | |
14 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 1.8 | 1.5 ± 2 | 0.8 ± 1 | |
Subtotal | Water solution | 97.1 ± 4.2 | 64 ± 0.8 | 41.9 ± 1.4 | 88.7 ± 3.9 | 38.1 ± 0.5 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
Organic solvent | 4.9 ± 1 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 19 ± 4.7 | 15.5 ± 4.8 | 27.5 ± 5.2 | 55.3 ± 0.8 | 50.3 ± 0.9 | 32.6 ± 1.8 | |
Total | 102 ± 5.2 | 87.2 ± 1.9 | 60.9 ± 6.1 | 104.2 ± 8.7 | 65.7 ± 5.7 | 55.4 ± 0.8 | 50.3 ± 0.9 | 32.6 ± 1.8 | |
Water solution/organic solvent | 19.71 | 2.75 | 2.21 | 5.72 | 1.38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |