Assessment of nomadic rice-duck complex ecosystem on energy and economy

Ecological Processes

Table 2 Energy inputs and outputs in the RD (nomadic rice-duck complex system, MJ hm ^-2 )

Item	Quantity	MJ	Quantity	MJ
	2010		2011
	Input
Renewable source (R)
Irrigation water	600.00	2,508.00(6.76)^a	600.00	2,508.00(6.76)
Renewable organic subsidiary sources (R1)
Labor
Man^b	116.67	228.67(0.61)	116.67	228.67(0.61)
Woman^b	174.50	273.97(0.24)	174.50	273.97(0.24)
Rice seed	22.50	376.65(2.02)	15.00	251.1(1.35)
Duckling^c	50.00	510.5(0.27)	50.00	510.50(0.27)
Feed
Formulas feed^d	77.70	907.54(0.49)	77.70	907.54(0.49)
Rice grain^d	1,165.50	17,703.95(9.51)	1,165.50	17,703.95(9.51)
Nonrenewable industrial subsidiary sources (F)
N	135.00	8,287.65(44.45)	135.00	8,287.65(44.45)
P₂O₅	63.00	901.53(4.84)	63.00	901.53(4.84)
K₂O	120.00	1,128.00(6.06)	120.00	1,128.00(6.06)
Diesel	63.90	3,053.78(16.41)	63.90	3,053.78(16.41)
Plastics-general	3.40	306.00(0.16)	3.40	306.00(0.163)
Insecticide	0.58	175.89(0.95)	0.58	175.89(0.95)
Herbicides	0.00	0.00(0.00)	0.00	0.00(0.00)
Fungicides	0.00	0.00(0.00)	0.00	0.00(0.00)
Electric motor	6.00	388.80(0.21)	6.00	388.80(0.21)
Electric	32.18	362.03(0.19)	32.18	362.03(0.19)
Total		18,607.75^g		18,482.20^g
Output
Rice grain	5,954.68	90,451.59	6,187.89	93,994.05
Duck^e	562.50	5,743.13	562.50	5,743.13
Protein^f	573.01		595.33
Output: input(MJ)		4.97^g		5.15^g

^aThe numerical value of the bracket was percentage; ^bthe labor for feed duck was 65.0 h of man and 126.5 h of woman; ^cthe variety of duckling was farm duck (2010) and mallard (2011); the weight of duckling was the average weight of 50 g; ^dthe quantity of the feed was the quantity for feeding 500 ducks; ^ethe weight of duck was 500 ducks × 1.25 kg/duck(average) × 90.00%(survival ratio) = 562.50; ^fthe protein content per kilogram was 94.30 g (rice-duck complex system) of rice grain, 204.10 g of farm duck and 210.00 g of mallard; ^gthe quantity of the labor for man and woman, duckling, feed, plastics-general, electric motor, electric, and duck share equally to ten copies, which account for energy input in the system.