Impact of land use/land cover changes on ecosystem services in the Nenjiang River Basin, Northeast China

Ecological Processes

Table 1 Equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services for terrestrial ecosystem in China

Item	Forest	Grassland	Farmland	Wetland	Lakes/rivers	Barren
Gas regulation	3.50	0.80	0.50	1.80	0	0
Climate stability^a	2.70	0.90	0.89	17.10	0.46	0
Water regulation and supply	3.20	0.80	0.60	15.50	20.38	0.03
Soil generation and fertility^b	3.90	1.95	1.46	1.71	0.01	0.02
Waste treatment	1.31	1.31	1.64	18.18	18.18	0.01
Biodiversity protection^c	3.26	1.09	0.71	2.50	2.49	0.34
Food production	0.10	0.30	1.00	0.30	0.10	0.01
Raw materials	2.60	0.05	0.10	0.07	0.01	0
Recreation, cultural	1.28	0.04	0.01	5.55	4.34	0.01
Sum	21.85	7.24	6.91	62.71	45.97	0.42

^aClimate stability includes climate regulation and disturbance regulation
^bSoil generation and fertility includes soil formation, nutrient cycling, erosion control, and sediment retention
^cBiodiversity protection includes pollination, biological control, refuge, and genetic resources mentioned by Costanza et al. (1997)