Differential responses of carbon and water vapor fluxes to climate among evergreen needleleaf forests in the USA

Wagle, Pradeep; Xiao, Xiangming; Kolb, Thomas E.; Law, Beverly E.; Wharton, Sonia; Monson, Russell K.; Chen, Jiquan; Blanken, Peter D.; Novick, Kimberly A.; Dore, Sabina; Noormets, Asko; Gowda, Prasanna H.

doi:10.1186/s13717-016-0053-5

Ecological Processes

Table 1 Site characteristics of ten evergreen needleleaf forest sites included in this study

From: Differential responses of carbon and water vapor fluxes to climate among evergreen needleleaf forests in the USA

Site (symbol)	Latitude longitude elevation (m)	MAT MAP SWC MAR	Study period	Vegetation	Climate	Stand age	References
Austin Cary, FL (US-SP1)	29.7381	20.19	2001–2006 (missing 2002, 2004)	Pine forest (longleaf pine, slash pine)	Warm and humid summers and mild winters	80	(Powell et al. 2008)
	−82.2188	833
	44	–
	44	6028
Duke Forest Loblolly Pine, NC (US-DK3)	35.9782	14.87	2001–2008	Loblolly pine	Warm and humid summers and mild winters	31	(Novick et al. 2015)
	−79.0942	1051
	163	29.45
	163	5185
North Carolina Loblolly Pine, NC (US-NC2)	35.8031	15.09	2005–2013	Loblolly pine	Warm and humid summers and mild winters	22	(Noormets et al. 2010)
	−76.6679	1105
	12	25.93
	12	4380
Howland Forest Main, ME (US-Ho1)	45.2041	6.51	1996–2004	Red spruce, eastern hemlock, other conifers	Continental temperate	100	(Hollinger et al. 1999)
	−68.7402	809
	60	–
	60	4096
Howland Forest West Tower, ME (US-Ho2)	45.2091	6.42	1999–2004	90 % evergreen needleleaf and 10 % broadleaf deciduous	Continental temperate	100	(Hollinger et al. 1999)
	−68.7470	786
	91	–
	91	4132
Niwot Ridge, CO (US-NR1)	40.0329	2.41	1999–2007	Subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, Lodgepole pine	Continental temperate to montane	110	(Monson et al. 2002)
	−105.5464	665
	3050	13.37
	3050	5972
Flagstaff Unmanaged Forest, AZ (US-Fuf)	35.0890	8.59	2006–2010	Ponderosa pine	Semi-arid	100	(Dore et al. 2012)
	−111.7620	562
	2180	28.83
	2180	6661
Metolius Intermediate Pine, OR (US-Me2)	44.4523	7.41	2002–2007 (missing 2003)	Ponderosa pine	Semi-arid	66	(Thomas et al. 2009)
	−121.5574	431
	1253	22.72
	1253	5827
Blodgett Forest, CA (US-Blo)	38.8952	11.16	2000–2006	Ponderosa pine (mixed evergreen coniferous)	Mediterranean	24	(Kurpius et al. 2002)
	−120.6327	1306
	1315	24.79
	1315	5706
Wind River, WA (US-Wrc)	45.8205	9.33	1999–2008 (missing 2005)	Douglas-fir and western hemlock	Mediterranean	~500	(Wharton et al. 2012)
	−121.9519	2099
	371	29.29
	371	4825

MAT, MAP, SWC, and MAR were determined for each year first, then averaged over the study period
MAT mean annual average temperature (°C), MAP mean cumulative annual precipitation (mm), SWC mean annual average volumetric soil water content (%), MAR mean cumulative annual solar radiation (MJ m⁻² year⁻¹)

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