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Table 2 Presence of papers with sound explanations or justifications of necessary procedures, parameters, and indices

From: Applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) in ecological studies: an updated review

Characteristics

All (%)

With latent variable (%)

Without latent variable (%)

Justification of sample size

0.0

0.0

0.0

Evidence of data screening

0.0

0.0

0.0

Data distribution and preparation

0.0

0.0

0.0

Variable selection

8.9

7.5

9.4

Hypothesized model diagram

96.6

94.7

97.0

Evidence of causal relationship

94.2

90.0

96.2

Explain models modification

13.7

12.5

14.2

Path coefficients

82.2

75.0

84.9

Standard errors

8.9

7.5

6.8