Perception and attitude of pastoralists on livestock-wildlife interactions around Awash National Park, Ethiopia: implication for biodiversity conservation

Ecological Processes

Table 2 Characteristics of respondent households, educational level, sources of income, and level of livestock-wildlife interaction around Awash National Park, Ethiopia

Variable				Overall (n = 180)
Ethnic group	Ittu	Kereyu	Afar
Number of respondents	60	60	60	180
Male	53	50	44	147
Female	7	10	16	33
Mean household age	39	38.2	34.2	37.1 ± 0.8
Mean household family size	6.9	6.3	5.5	6.2 ± 0.2
Educational status
Illiterate	45	48	36	129
Elementary school	8	3	5	16
High school	4	8	13	25
Read and write	3	1	6	10
Primary source of income (%)
Both crop and livestock production	63.3	30	0	31.1
Livestock production	36.7	70	100	68.9
Mean livestock holding per household	7.6	12.6	19.2	13.1 ± 1.8
Mean attitude to wildlife	1.65	1.82	2.5	1.99 ± 0.06
Interaction with wildlife	Very high	High	High
Mean distance to the park	2.33	2	1.33	1.89 ± 0.07
Mean relation to park	1.75	1.82	1.93	1.83 ± 0.02