Enhancement of diversity, stand structure and regeneration of woody species through area exclosure: the case of a mopane woodland in northern Botswana

Ecological Processes

Table 4 Results from the two-sample t test of mean densities of woody species found in both the inside and outside ORI compound

Species	Mean (individuals ha⁻¹) ± SEM		F value^df	P value
Species	Inside ORI	Outside ORI	F value^df	P value
Colophospermum mopane	12,307 ± 2175	252 ± 64	1041	0.00001*
Vachellia tortilis	444 ± 66	83 ± 34	3.4	0.04*
Grewia retinervis	285 ± 189	5 ± 4	2285	0.00001*
Croton megalobotrys	248 ± 102	912 ± 392	16.3	0.0003*
Grewia flavescens	153 ± 83	29 ± 10	65	0.00001*
Grewia bicolor	112 ± 31	12 ± 11	8.03	0.003*
Terminalia prunioides	70 ± 16	3 ± 2	80.25	0.00001*
Boscia albitrunca	40 ± 10	0.6 ± 0.6	240	0.00001*
Grewia flava	36 ± 26	0.4 ± 0.4	3664	0.00001*
Dichrostachys cinerea	33 ± 12	3 ± 2	30.9	0.00001*
Combretum albopunctatum	16 ± 12	8 ± 4	6.8	0.005*
Ximenia americana	4 ± 3	10 ± 9	12	0.001*
Albizia anthelmintica	3 ± 2	0.5	14	0.0003*
Ziziphus mucronata	1 ± 0.6	2 ± 2	8.4	0.003*
Gymnosporia senegalensis	1 ± 1	0.5 ± 0.5	3.6	0.04*
Philenoptera violacea	173 ± 82	216 ± 76	1.04	0.5
Vachellia erioloba	143 ± 26	29 ± 17	2.02	0.16
Vachellia nilotica	59 ± 18	39 ± 14	1.48	0.3
Hyphaene petersiana	19 ± 13	35 ± 21	3	0.07
Searsia tenuinervis	15 ± 12	7 ± 7	2.5	0.09
Combretum imberbe	7 ± 3	8 ± 7	2.6	0.1
Total	14,215 ± 2036	1920 ± 446	18.8	0.0001*