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Ecological Processes

Table 5 LULC transition matrix of major changes in the landscape from 1984 to 2004 (%)

From: Competition for land resources: driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands

 

To final state (2004)

Bushland

Grazing

Cropland

Plantation

Settlement

Total 1984

Loss

From the initial state (1984)

 Bushland

220.4

95.7

7.1

0.6

0.1

323.9

103.5

 Grazing land

56.9

221.3

440.2

156.7

17.6

892.6

671.3

 Cropland

3.0

1.2

907.1

203.5

14.2

1129.0

221.9

 Plantation

0.6

0.5

69.6

8.5

0.5

79.7

71.3

 Settlement

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

      

1357.3a

 

Total (2004)

280.9

318.7

1424.0

369.3

32.1

  

Gain

60.5

97.4

516.9

360.8

32.1

  

Net change b

− 43.0

− 573.9

295.0

289.5

32.1

  

Net persistencec

− 0.2

− 2.6

0.3

34.2

–

  
  1. Bolded diagonal elements represent each land-use/cover class that was static (persistent) between 1984 and 2004. The loss column and gain row indicate the size of the landscape that experienced gross loss and gain in each class
  2. aThe sum of diagonals represents the overall persistence (i.e., the landscape that did not change)
  3. bNet change = gain − loss
  4. cNet persistence refers to the net change to persistent land (i.e., net change/diagonals of each class)
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