Table 1 Plant species abundance (%) and richness of the soil seed bank over time in bush-cleared and uncleared microsites at Maseding from April 2016 to August 2017
Species | Family | Plant class | Ecological status | LF† | Cleared microsites | Uncleared microsites | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||
April | Aug | Oct | Dec | April | Aug | Aug | Oct | Dec | April | Aug | ||||||||
Achyranthes aspera (L.) Griseb. | Amaranthaceae | Forb | Invader | P | – | 2.7 | 3.3 | – | – | 1.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | |||
Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne. | Fabaceae | Shrub | Encroacher | D | 4.7 | 1.9 | – | – | 0.6 | 0.3 | – | – | 1.8 | – | – | |||
Aristida congesta subsp barbicollis (Roen & Schult.) | Poaceae | Grass | Increaser II | WP | – | – | – | – | 30.9 | 37.3 | – | – | – | 12.0 | 39.9 | |||
Aristida bipartita (Nees.) Trin & Rupr. | Poaceae | Grass | Increaser II | P | 2.7 | 9.7 | 5.5 | 8.6 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 12.0 | 3.8 | 5.4 | 0.6 | – | |||
Amaranthus hybridus (L.) Timeroy. | Amaranthaceae | Forb | Invader | A | 0.7 | – | – | – | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.9 | – | – | – | – | |||
Brachiaria eruciformis (Sibth. & Sm.) Griseb. | Poaceae | Grass | Increaser II | A | – | 1.9 | – | 1.4 | 12.3 | 10.6 | 2.2 | 4.7 | – | 27.6 | 5.5 | |||
Bothriocloa insculpa (Hochst.) ex A. Rich. | Poaceae | Grass | Increaser II | P | – | 0.8 | 1.1 | – | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.3 | – | – | – | – | |||
Bidens pilosa (L.) Timeroy. | Asteraceae | Forb | Invader | A | – | 1.2 | – | – | 0.6 | 14.2 | 0.9 | – | – | 0.3 | 2.0 | |||
Commelina benghalensis (L.) | Commelinaceae | Forb | Invader | A | – | 0.4 | – | – | – | 0.4 | 0.4 | – | – | 0.6 | 0.3 | |||
Chloris virgata (Sw.) | Poaceae | Grass | Increaser II | A | – | – | – | 1.4 | 4.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Chochorous asplenifolius (Burch.) | Malvaceae | Forb | Invader | P | – | – | 3.3 | 11.4 | 13.9 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 4.7 | 16.1 | 10.2 | 2.8 | |||
Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.) Exell. | Molluginaceae | Forb | Increaser II | A | – | – | 5.5 | – | – | 1.1 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 3.6 | – | 3.2 | |||
Crotalaria heidmannii (Schinz.) | Fabaceae | Legume | Increaser II | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.6 | |||
Crabbea angustifolia (Nees.) Nees. | Acanthaceae | Forb | Invader | P | – | – | – | 1.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. | Poaceae | Grass | Increaser II | P | – | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Digitaria eriantha (Stent.) Steud. | Poaceae | Grass | Decreaser | P | – | – | – | – | 5.7 | – | – | – | – | 0.9 | 1.7 | |||
Eragrostis lehmanniana (Nees.) | Poaceae | Grass | Increaser II | P | 29.1 | 22.4 | 22.0 | 22.9 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 8.4 | 22.6 | 10.7 | 3.3 | 4.2 | |||
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. | Fabaceae | Legume | Increaser II | P | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Justicia flava (Vahl.) Vahl. | Acanthaceae | Forb | Increaser II | P | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.9 | – | – | 0.9 | – | |||
Jamesbrittenia aurantiaca (Burch.) Hilliard. | Scrophulariaceae | Forb | Invader | P | 41.2 | 13.1 | 18.7 | 38.6 | 2.6 | – | 6.7 | 47.2 | 46.4 | 6.3 | – | |||
Kyphorcarpa angustifolia (Moq.) Lopr. | Amaranthaceae | Forb | Invader | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.9 | 7.1 | – | 1.0 | ||
Kohautia virgata (Willd.) Bremek | Rubiaceae | Forb | Invader | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | – | ||
Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka. | Poaceae | Grass | Invader | WP | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.6 | – | ||
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis (L.) | Phylanthaceae | Forb | Invader | P | – | – | 3.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 8.7 | 0.3 | |||
Rhyncosia minima (L.) DC. | Fabaceae | Legume | Increaser II | P | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) Wight. | Fabaceae | Legume | Invader | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Spermacoce sinensis (Klotzsch.) Hierm. | Rubiaceae | Forb | Invader | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4.5 | 0.4 | ||
Sorghum versicolor (Andersson.) | Poaceae | Grass | Decreaser | P | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Schkuhria pinnata (L.) Kuntze ex Thell. | Asteraceae | Forb | Invader | A | – | – | 12.1 | 1.4 | 7.5 | 12.0 | 40.4 | 0.9 | 5.4 | 11.7 | 11.5 | |||
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. | Asteraceae | Forb | Invader | A | 18.9 | 0.8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Tragus berteronianus (Schult.) | Poaceae | Grass | Increaser II | A | 0.7 | 6.9 | 12.1 | – | – | 4.8 | 12.0 | 6.2 | 7.5 | – | 7.5 | 18.0 | ||
–Tribulus terrestris (L.) Oliv. | Zygophyllaceae | Forb | Increaser II | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Hibiscus trionum L. | Malvaceae | Forb | Invader | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | – | 2.4 | – | ||
Portulaca quadrifida L. | Portulacaceae | Succulent | Invader | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.3 | – | – | – | 8.2 | ||
Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy. | Poaceae | Grass | Increaser II | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.2 | – | ||
Total abundance of herbaceous perennials (%) | 73 | 53.4 | 57.2 | 86.1 | 64.2 | 48.4 | 39 | 82.1 | 80.4 | 43.5 | 48.9 | |||||||
Total abundance of herbaceous annuals (%) | 22.3 | 44.7 | 42.8 | 13.9 | 35.2 | 51.5 | 60.7 | 17.9 | 19.6 | 56.5 | 51.1 | |||||||
Species richness (number of species) | 8 | 17 | 13 | 12 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 16 | |||||||