Skip to main content
Ecological Processes
Fig. 3 | Ecological Processes

Fig. 3

From: Multi-scale drivers of soil resistance predict vulnerability of seasonally wet meadows to trampling by pack stock animals in the Sierra Nevada, USA

Fig. 3

Mean soil resistance (SR) by plant community type (PCT) among meadows sampled over a 3-week study period in July, 2013 (n = 252). Dashed line indicates SR minimum value (500 kPa) needed to support a horse with rider or mule with load without incurring physical soil disturbance. Error bars represent plus one standard error (SE) across plots within a PCT and meadow. X-axis displays meadows of two topographic gradient classes. Middle gradient meadows (left): Emeric Lake (EL) and Middle Lyell (ML). Low gradient meadows (right): Snow Flat (SF) Tuolumne Meadows (TM), and Upper Lyell (UL). Missing bars indicate a PCT was not present in that meadow

Back to article page