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Ecological Processes
Fig. 1 | Ecological Processes

Fig. 1

From: Pollinator-mediated self-pollination and reproductive assurance in an isolated tree of Magnolia grandiflora L.

Fig. 1

Dianthesis and activities of floral visitors in M. grandiflora. a First flower opening, protogynous stigmas were exposed. b Second flower opening, anthers have started to dehisce. c Bees (Apis melifera) crawling on stigma resulting self-pollination. d Numerous thrips collecting dusted pollen from petals. e Two bees (Apis melifera) and beetles collecting pollen from the dehisced anthers over the petals. f Several beetles collecting pollen and feeding stigma secretions resulting selfing

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