Effects of torrefied wood chip and vermicompost application on vegetation growth and nutrient uptake in the Saemangeum reclaimed land

Ecological Processes

Table 1 Physico-chemical soil properties of the study site before treatments were applied. Numbers in parentheses represent standard errors (n = 3)

Soil depths (cm)	pH (1:5)	OM (%)	Total N (%)	Available P (mg kg⁻¹)	CEC (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	Exchangeable cations (cmol_c kg⁻¹)				EC (dS m⁻¹)
Soil depths (cm)	pH (1:5)	OM (%)	Total N (%)	Available P (mg kg⁻¹)	CEC (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	EC (dS m⁻¹)
0–15	7.9(0.06)^b	0.92(0.07)	0.10(0.02)	29.4(1.4)	12.5(1.3)	1.01(0.05)	2.3(0.12)^b	1.4(0.07)	4.68(0.23)	0.59(0.09)
15–30	8.1(0.09)^ab	0.92(0.17)	0.10(0.01)	32.9(1.9)	13.2(1.2)	1.13(0.07)	2.8(0.21)^a	1.5(0.06)	5.15(0.22)	0.56(0.11)
30–45	8.2(0.08)^a	0.73(0.08)	0.11(0.02)	33.1(1.5)	14.5(2.4)	1.08(0.03)	3.0(0.17)^a	1.4(0.06)	4.70(0.19)	0.59(0.08)

Superscript letters on mean values denote significant differences among soil depths