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Table 2 Interaction effects of sub-watersheds, landscape positions, land uses, and soil depths on selected soil physical properties

From: Effects of sustainable land management interventions on selected soil properties in Geda watershed, central highlands of Ethiopia

 

BD (g/cm3)

Particle size distribution (%)

Sand

Clay

Silt

Sub-watershed (SW) × landscape position (LP) × land use (LU)

 Untreated upper

Crop

1.32a

53.17a

22.83b

24.00c

Grazing

1.35a

51.50a

20.33b

28.17bc

 Untreated lower

Crop

1.16bc

41.17b

23.33b

35.50a

Grazing

1.21b

40.67b

23.83b

35.50a

 Treated upper

Crop

1.05cd

30.83c

36.33a

32.83ab

Grazing

1.15bcd

31.50c

38.33a

30.17ab

 Treated lower

Crop

1.06cd

31.00c

35.50a

33.50ab

Grazing

1.03d

32.17c

37.50a

30.33ab

SW × LP × soil depth (SD)

 Untreated upper

0–15 cm

1.36a

55.83a

19.83b

24.33d

15–30 cm

1.31a

48.83b

23.33b

27.83cd

 Untreated lower

0–15 cm

1.19b

43.33c

23.33b

33.33a

15–30 cm

1.18b

38.50d

23.83b

37.67a

 Treated upper

0–15 cm

1.142bc

32.17e

36.50a

31.33bc

15–30 cm

1.058cd

30.17e

38.17a

31.67bc

 Treated lower

0–15 cm

1.083bcd

33.50e

34.83a

31.67bc

15–30 cm

1.008d

29.67e

38.17a

32.17bc

SW × LU × SD

 Untreated crop

0–15 cm

1.28a

50.83a

21.67c

27.50

15–30 cm

1.20ab

43.50b

24.50c

32.00

 Untreated grazing

0–15 cm

1.27a

48.33ab

21.50c

30.17

15–30 cm

1.29a

43.83b

22.67c

33.50

 Treated crop

0–15 cm

1.09bc

32.17c

34.33b

33.50

15–30 cm

1.02c

29.67c

37.50ab

32.83

 Treated grazing

0–15 cm

1.14bc

33.50c

37.00ab

29.50

15–30  cm

1.05c

30.17c

38.83a

31.00

P–SW × LP × LU

***

***

***

***

P–SW × LP × SD

***

***

***

***

P–SW × LU × SD

***

***

***

ns

  1. Means within columns under each subtopic followed by different letters are significantly different from each other at P ≤ 0.05; ***significant at P ≤ 0.001; ns non-significant, BD bulk density