Table 1 Summary of the characteristics of the sample plots. [N40°E], [N10°E], and [N20°E] where N is the reference direction, and 40°E is the deviation from the reference direction heading east. SWC, soil moisture content; BD, soil bulk density; TN, soil total nitrogen content; TP, soil total phosphorus content; DBH, diameter at breast height; pH, hydrogen ion concentration. Values are the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Different lowercase letters (a, b, and c) indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between different stand density levels. 27a, 27-year-old stand; 36a, 36-year-old stand; 48a, 48-year-old stand
Stand age | Aspect | Stand density (trees/ha) | Elevation (m) | Slope (°) | DBH (cm) | Height (m) | Stand density level | SWC (%) | BD (g/cm3 ) | pH | TN (g/kg) | TP (g/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
27a | [N10°E] | 975 | 1854 | 13 | 18.79±3.09 | 14.38±1.45 | LD | 39.62±3.03a | 1.03±0.02a | 6.99±0.13a | 2.23±0.21a | 0.78±0.01a |
1100 | 1860 | 14 | 18.16±2.86 | 14.43±1.32 | ||||||||
1250 | 1865 | 12 | 18.23±2.10 | 13.69±1.09 | ||||||||
1500 | 1860 | 12 | 18.09±2.05 | 14.77±0.87 | MD | 40.17±1.64a | 1.02±0.02a | 7.13±0.15a | 2.40±0.11b | 0.82±0.06a | ||
1675 | 1864 | 11 | 17.86±2.36 | 13.73±1.99 | ||||||||
1825 | 1870 | 12 | 18.01±3.10 | 14.24±1.84 | ||||||||
2125 | 1868 | 10 | 17.15±2.21 | 13.85±2.01 | HD | 34.46±2.57b | 1.08±0.07a | 7.05±0.09a | 2.22±0.04a | 0.77±0.01a | ||
2300 | 1880 | 18 | 15.87±2.77 | 13.44±1.38 | ||||||||
2425 | 1885 | 14 | 16.26±2.03 | 14.04±3.32 | ||||||||
36a | [N40°E] | 525 | 2030 | 18 | 24.60±3.65 | 17.15±2.13 | LD | 34.68±4.42a | 1.12±0.04a | 6.92±0.07a | 3.05±0.37a | 0.87±0.02a |
750 | 2050 | 13 | 22.57±2.56 | 16.93±1.34 | ||||||||
925 | 2054 | 20 | 21.92±3.14 | 16.62±1.66 | ||||||||
1100 | 2043 | 15 | 20.41±2.42 | 15.98±2.07 | MD | 31.74±7.59ab | 1.08±0.04a | 7.1±0.13a | 3.75±0.70b | 0.92±0.03a | ||
1325 | 2052 | 12 | 19.96±3.77 | 16.49±1.83 | ||||||||
1500 | 2063 | 15 | 20.89±2.75 | 16.03±1.98 | ||||||||
1550 | 2073 | 16 | 19.71±3.01 | 15.76±2.61 | HD | 28.84±3.49b | 1.07±0.05a | 6.91±0.13a | 3.42±0.17ab | 0.85±0.06a | ||
1700 | 2066 | 16 | 18.12±3.16 | 16.08±2.15 | ||||||||
2075 | 2070 | 17 | 18.37±2.98 | 16.36±1.97 | ||||||||
48a | [N20°E] | 400 | 2122 | 13 | 29.41±3.28 | 19.45±2.13 | LD | 30.02±3.16a | 1.12±0.04a | 6.78±0.15a | 3.17±0.29a | 0.9±0.08a |
600 | 2128 | 15 | 29.78±3.43 | 18.93±1.34 | ||||||||
725 | 2140 | 26 | 27.52±3.27 | 18.62±3.66 | ||||||||
875 | 2160 | 18 | 28.06±2.54 | 18.58±2.07 | MD | 32.17±3.24a | 1.08±0.07a | 7.03±0.10a | 3.15±0.42a | 0.92±0.11a | ||
975 | 2162 | 12 | 27.16±3.00 | 18.49±2.83 | ||||||||
1150 | 2159 | 12 | 26.94±2.98 | 17.93±2.98 | ||||||||
1350 | 2154 | 13 | 24.10±2.81 | 18.14±2.51 | HD | 25.28±0.92b | 1.19±0.11a | 7.00±0.07a | 2.53±0.51a | 1.48±0.41b | ||
1475 | 2136 | 16 | 23.58±2.76 | 17.91±2.36 | ||||||||
1625 | 2140 | 15 | 21.03±2.56 | 17.85±1.73 |