Table 1 Description of sampling sites
Sampling sites | Coordinates | Altitude (m) | Type of disturbance and land uses |
|---|---|---|---|
S1: Reference site | N : 31° 25.226′ W : 007° 50.240′ | 436 | Reference site, located at 20 km east of Marrakesh, uncultivated land, jujube steppe soil. Rural area without significant human activities. |
S2: Non-cultivated land—construction waste area | N : 31° 41.284′ W : 007° 59.823′ | 397 | Non-cultivated land, site located on the palm grove of Marrakech. Soil slightly disturbed by construction waste. |
S3: Cultivated land—groundwater | N : 31° 41.181′ W : 008° 01.924′ | 402 | Cultivated land, Food and fodder crop fields. Soil fertilized and irrigated by groundwater. |
S4: Non-cultivated land—former dump of Marrakesh | N : 31°42, .170′ W : 008° 03.921′ | 405 | Non-cultivated land, site located near the former public dumps of Marrakech. Polluted soil by the discharges of municipal solid waste. |
S5: Cultivated land—treated wastewater | N : 31° 42.373′ W : 008° 04.312′ | 385 | Cultivated land, Cereal and alfalfa fields and crops. Irrigated soil by treated wastewater from the Marrakesh treatment plant. |
S6: Non-cultivated land—mine wastes | N : 31° 42.906′ W : 008° 08.091′ | 372 | Non-cultivated land, site located at 13 km northwest of Marrakesh in the vicinity of the Draa Lasfar mine (production of copper, cobalt, zinc, and lead). Soil contaminated by solid mine wastes. |