Ecological Processes

Table 4 The land use/land cover categories and their corresponding ecosystem sub-service values (USD/ha/year) for six representative biomes

From: The impacts of land-use and land-cover change on wetland ecosystem service values in peri-urban and urban area of Bahir Dar City, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia

Ecosystem services	Biome
Ecosystem services	Cropland^a	Tropical forest^a	Urban^a	Grassland^a	Water body^a	Wetland^b
Provisioning services
Water supply		8.00		117.45	2117.00	280.73
Food production	187.56	32.00			41.00	171.10
Raw material		51.24				198.54
Genetic resources		41.00				45.64
Medicinal resources						33.10
Regulating services
Water regulation		6.00		3.00	5445.00	981.84
Waste treatment		136.00		87.00	431.50	1153.95
Erosion control		245.00		29.00		63.14
Climate regulation		223.00				208.36
Biological control	24.00			23.00
Gas regulation		13.68		7.00		67.35
Disturbance regulation		5.00
Supporting services
Nutrient cycling		184.40		25.00		103.72
Pollination	12.00	7.27		1.00
Soil formation		10.00				48.50
Habitat/refugia		17.30				716.51
Cultural services
Recreation		4.80			69.00	76.89
Cultural		2		0.80		54.65
Sum	225.56	986.69	0.00	293.25	8103.50	4204.02

^aValue coefficients adopted from Kindu et al. (2016), ^bOwn modified value coefficient using the Economic of Ecosystem and Biodiversity valuation database (Van der Ploeg et al. 2010)

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