Table 5 Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) results for macroinvertebrate metrics and traits analyses, with significant findings (α = 0.05) in bold at Indian Mill Creek (IMC), Michigan, USA
Variable | Metrics | Traits | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
F statistic | p value | F statistic | p value | |
Pools (% area) | 5.03 | 0.048 | 2.23 | 0.148 |
% Fine substrate | 11.96 | 0.004 | 8.19 | 0.008 |
Woody debris and riparian condition | 5.04 | 0.057 | 3.08 | 0.076 |
Suspended sediment | 5.43 | 0.041 | 5.83 | 0.016 |
Water velocity | 4.10 | 0.062 | 1.02 | 0.413 |
Overall model | 6.31 | 0.008 | 4.07 | 0.012 |