Aquatic community structure and stream habitat in a karst agricultural landscape

Ecological Processes

Table 5 PERMANOVA results comparing upstream/downstream site clusters using abundance data for fish and benthic invertebrate community structures separately in relation to stream habitat variables at 22 South Fork Whitewater River, Minnesota, USA stream sites

	df	Sum Sq	Pseudo F	R²	P
Fish
Upstream/downstream location	1	98.53	6.5582	0.24692	< 0.001
Residuals	20	300.47		0.75306
Total	21	399.00		1.00000
Benthic invertebrates
Upstream/downstream location	1	88.60	2.4259	0.10818	< 0.001
Residuals	20	730.40		0.89182
Total	21	819.00		1.00000