Functional responses to deforestation in fish communities inhabiting neotropical streams and rivers

Cantera, Isabel; Jézéquel, Céline; Dejean, Tony; Murienne, Jérôme; Vigouroux, Régis; Valentini, Alice; Brosse, Sébastien

doi:10.1186/s13717-023-00463-8

Ecological Processes

Table 2 Contribution of each trait to the axes of the functional spaces constructed using Principal Components Analysis on 16 traits for stream and river fish communities

From: Functional responses to deforestation in fish communities inhabiting neotropical streams and rivers

Trait	Category	Rivers			Streams
Trait	Category	P	R²	Axis 1	P	R²	Axis 1	Axis 3
Relative eye size (Ed/Hd)	NA	0.001	0.32	− 1	0.001	0.31	− 0.82	− 0.58
Relative barbel length (Bbl/Bl)	NA	0.01	0.11	0.76	0.09	0.04	0.93	− 0.36
Oral gape position (Mo/Bd)	NA	0.001	0.56	− 0.73	0.001	0.14	− 1	0.09
Relative maxillary length (Jl/Hd)	NA	0.001	0.23	− 0.5	0.01	0.08	− 0.42	0.91
Eye vertical position (Eh/Bd)	NA	0.001	0.71	0.98	0.001	0.6	1	0.01
Pectoral fin vertical position (PFi/Bd)	NA	0.001	0.53	0.01	0.001	0.16	0.91	− 0.42
Pectoral fin size (PFl/Bl)	NA	0.48	0.02	0.54	0.001	0.12	0.53	− 0.85
Caudal peduncle throttling (CFd/CPd)	NA	0.001	0.3	− 0.25	0.001	0.2	− 0.88	0.47
Body elongation (Bl/Bd)	NA	0.001	0.3	0.94	0.001	0.17	0.88	0.47
Maximum body length	NA	0.14	0.05	0.57	0.001	0.22	0.08	1
Preferred substrate	Hard	0.001	0.22	0.11	0.001	0.22	0.07	0.05
Preferred substrate	None			− 0.07			− 0.08	0.06
Preferred substrate	Soft			− 0.07			− 0.04	− 0.09
Motility	Migratory	0.001	0.4	− 0.06	0.001	0.4	− 0.09	0.06
Motility	Mobile			− 0.16			− 0.15	0.02
Motility	Sedentary			0.08			0.12	0
Gregariousness	Solitary	0.001	0.35	0.04	0.001	0.35	0.07	0.05
Gregariousness	Gregarious	0.001	0.35	− 0.08	0.001	0.35	− 0.1	− 0.02
Water column position	Benthic	0.001	0.64	0.13	0.001	0.64	0.11	0.01
Water column position	Benthopelagic			− 0.15			− 0.14	0.02
Water column position	Demersal			0.05			0.12	0.01
Water column position	Pelagic			− 0.16			− 0.16	− 0.03
Territorial	No	0.001	0.34	− 0.05	0.001	0.34	− 0.07	0.01
Territorial	Yes	0.001	0.34	0.06	0.001	0.34	0.16	0
Guild	Carnivore	0.001	0.43	0.1	0.001	0.43	0.08	0.03
Guild	Detritivore			− 0.17			− 0.17	− 0.05
Guild	Herbivore			0.18			0.07	0.07
Guild	Invertivore			− 0.07			− 0.07	− 0.05
Guild	Omnivore			0.06			0.08	0.06
Guild	Piscivore			− 0.03			− 0.03	0.09

Only the axes significantly related to deforestation were included (i.e., PCoA 1 for streams and PCoA 1 and PCoA 3 for rivers, see results). The determination coefficients (R²) of the correlation between each trait and the ordination, as well as the direction cosines of the continuous variables and the mean position of categorical traits on the two first axes of the PCoA are also provided. The P values indicate the significance of R², which were calculated by randomly permuting the data (N = 999 permutations) and determine if the observed R² were higher than the permuted R² values

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