Fig. 6
From: Grazing effects on vegetation dynamics in the savannah ecosystems of the Sahel
Graphical representation of the piecewise structural equation model showing the inter-related pathways between grazing intensity, species diversity (Shannon diversity), vegetation cover and total herbaceous biomass. Arrows are the hypothesized causal paths. The values next to the arrows are the standardized path coefficients and their significance is given in Table 3. Paths with dark-orange colour stand for negative effects, whereas paths in turquoise colour indicate positive effects. Non-significant effects are shown with dashed arrows. df degree of freedom; ns: p > 0.05; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001