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Table 3 Fertilization effects on the duration [h:min] of stem circadian cycle phases in stone pine across seasons

From: Effects of fertilization on radial growth of Pinus pinea explored hourly using dendrometers

Season

Contraction (P1)

Expansion (P2)

Stem diameter increment (P3)

Fertilized

Control

Fertilized

Control

Fertilized

Control

Winter

6:49 ± 0:45 a

9:00 ± 0:43 a

7:37 ± 0:45 b

13:37 ± 0:43 a

11:18 ± 0:50 a

8:00 ± 1:44 a

Spring

6:22 ± 0:48 a

7:26 ± 0:39 a

4:32 ± 0:48 b

7:44 ± 0:40 a

13:16 ± 0:48 a

8:54 ± 0:39 b

Summer

8:22 ± 0:44 a

8:51 ± 0:41 a

8:49 ± 0:44 b

11:14 ± 0:41 a

6:25 ± 0:44 a

5:32 ± 0:48 a

Autumn

7:34 ± 0:43 a

7:56 ± 0:39 a

15:18 ± 0:43 a

15:21 ± 0:39 a

10:20 ± 2:00 a

7:20 ± 2:00 a

Average

7:17 ± 0:23 b

8:18 ± 0:20 a

9:04 ± 0:23 b

11:59 ± 0:20 a

10:19 ± 0:36 a

7:26 ± 0:43 a

  1. Mean ± SE. For each phase and season, different letters indicate statistically significant fertilization effects (p < 0.05). One month of winter (August), spring (November), summer (February) and autumn (May) was studied. Only regular cycles were considered in this calculation