Table 1 Generalized linear mixed model results (regression estimate ± standard error on top, p value at bottom) for the relationships between species-specific bat activity/presence probability, moon illumination, and ALAN condition

EPFU

0.743 ± 0.378

0.871 ± 0.278

− 1.001 ± 0.446

0.730 ± 0.370

− 0.275 ± 0.246

0.027 ± 0.009

0.049

0.002

0.025

0.016

0.264

0.002

LABO

− 0.009 ± 0.276

1.347 ± 0.229

− 0.864 ± 0.335

0.144 ± 0.223

− 0.896 ± 0.206

0.143 ± 0.009

0.974

< 0.001

0.009

0.519

 < 0.001

< 0.001

LACI

0.400 ± 0.445

2.670 ± 0.357

− 3.236 ± 0.590

0.576 ± 0.340

− 3.492 ± 0.438

0.088 ± 0.016

0.369

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.090

< 0.001

< 0.001

LANO

− 0.431 ± 0.220

1.959 ± 0.221

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.045 ± 0.014

0.024

< 0.001

0.001

MYAU

2.084 ± 1.143

3.572 ± 0.868

− 2.679 ± 1.175

2.000 ± 1.117

− 0.468 ± 0.238

N/A

0.068

< 0.001

0.023

0.073

0.049

MYLU

0.517 ± 0.220

1.767 ± 0.360

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.022 ± 0.010

0.019

< 0.001

0.020

MYSE

0.318 ± 0.327

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.062 ± 0.012

0.330

< 0.001

NYHU

0.004 ± 0.259

0.776 ± 0.234

− 0.718 ± 0.333

0.122 ± 0.261

− 0.699 ± 0.194

0.144 ± 0.010

0.987

< 0.001

0.032

0.641

< 0.001

< 0.001

PESU

− 0.021 ± 0.200

1.971 ± 0.207

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.054 ± 0.011

0.918

< 0.001

< 0.001

TABR

− 0.207 ± 0.255

− 0.428 ± 0.273

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.047 ± 0.015

0.415

0.071

0.002