Table 1 Percentage of land use/land change (LULC) from previous studies
No. | References | Land use/years (ha) | 1947 | 1966 | 1982–1984 | 1990 | 1995 | 1997 | 2000–2003 | 2005 | 2010 | 2014–2016 | Changes (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gasim et al. 2009 | Urbanization | – | – | 181 | – | 264 | – | 306 | – | – | – | + 69% |
Agriculture | – | – | 438 | – | 1402 | – | 2926 | – | – | – | + 568% | ||
Forest | – | – | 30,989 | – | 27,766 | – | 23,374 | – | – | – | − 25% | ||
2 | Ismail et al. 2012 | Developeda | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9408 | 8707 | 8668 | – | − 8% |
Natural areasb | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17,570 | 18,262 | 18,245 | – | + 4% | ||
3 | Khairulmaini and Fauza 2010 | Telom catchment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Forest | 10,380 | – | 9040 | 9030 | – | 7410 | – | – | – | – | − 29% | ||
 Agriculture | 550 | – | 1320 | 1340 | – | 2890 | – | – | – | – | + 81% | ||
 Urbanization | 0 | – | 50 | 50 | – | 110 | – | – | – | – | + 110% | ||
Upper Bertam | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Forest | 1950 | – | 1620 | 1590.00 | – | 1540 | – | – | – | – | − 21% | ||
 Agriculture | 190 | – | 220 | 240.00 | – | 290 | – | – | – | – | + 35% | ||
 Urbanization | 0 | – | 290 | 300.00 | – | 300 | – | – | – | – | + 300% | ||
Lower Bertam | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Forest | 4380 | – | 2920 | 2910.00 | – | 2810 | – | – | – | – | − 36% | ||
 Agriculture | 260 | – | 970 | 1020.00 | – | 1470 | – | – | – | – | + 82% | ||
 Urbanization | 0 | – | 100 | 110.00 | – | 120 | – | – | – | – | + 120% | ||
4 | Haron et al. 2014 | Urbanization | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 971 | 2% |
Agriculture | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9782 | 14% | ||
Forest | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 57,354 | 84% | ||
5 | Zin and Ahmad 2014 | Forest reserve | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3533 | – | 3141 | – | − 11% |
6 | Rendana et al. 2015 | Urbanization | – | – | – | – | – | 126 | – | – | – | 439 | + 249% |
Agriculture | – | – | – | – | – | 6710 | – | – | – | 7527 | + 12% | ||
Forest | – | – | – | – | – | 58,689 | – | – | – | 54,264 | − 8% | ||
7 | Rozimah and Khairulmaini 2016 | Developed | – | ±4000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ±12,000 | – | + 200% |
Natural areas | – | 67,381 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 58,855 | – | − 13% | ||
8 | Sholagberu et al. 2016 | Urbanization | – | – | – | – | 593 | – | 830 | – | – | – | + 40% |
Agriculture | – | – | – | – | 5125 | – | 5671 | – | – | – | + 11% | ||
9 | Agriculture | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5683 | – | – | 7508 | + 32% | |
Forest | – | – | – | – | – | – | 64,467 | – | – | 62,504 | − 3% |