Beamesderfer ER, Arain MA, Khomik M, Brodeur JJ, Burns BM (2020) Response of carbon and water fluxes to meteorological and phenological variability in two eastern North American forests of similar age but contrasting species composition – a multiyear comparison. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 17:3563–3587
CAS
Google Scholar
Berdanier AB, Miniat CF, Clark JS (2016) Predictive models for radial sap flux variation in coniferous, diffuse-porous and ring-porous temperate trees. Tree Physiol 36(8):932–941. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpw027
Article
Google Scholar
Bonan GB (2008) Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks and the climate benefits of forests. Science 320(5882):1444–1449. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155121
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bovard BD, Curtis PS, Vogel CS, Su HB, Schmid HP (2005) Environmental controls on sap flow in a northern hardwood forest. Tree Physiol 25(1):31–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/25.1.31
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Casagrande E, Recanati F, Rulli MC, Bevacqua D, Melià P (2021) Water balance partitioning for ecosystem service assessment. A case study in the Amazon. Ecol Indic 121:107155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107155
Article
Google Scholar
Čermák J, Cienciala E, Kučera J, Hällgren J (1992) Radial velocity profiles of water flow in trunks of Norway spruce and oak and the response of spruce to severing. Tree Physiol 10(4):367–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/10.4.367
Article
Google Scholar
Clearwater MJ, Meinzer FC, Andrade JL, Goldstein G, Holbrook NM (1999) Potential errors in measurement of nonuniform sap flow using heat dissipation probes. Tree Physiol 19(10):681–687. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/19.10.681
Article
Google Scholar
Cohen Y, Fuchs M, Green GC (1981) Improvement of the heat pulse method for determining sap flow in trees. Plant Cell Environ 4(5):391–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1981.tb02117.x
Article
Google Scholar
Delzon S, Sartore M, Granier A, Loustau D (2004) Radial profiles of sap flow with increasing tree size in maritime pine. Tree Physiol 24(11):1285–1293. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/24.11.1285
Article
Google Scholar
Ellison D, Morris CE, Locatelli B, Sheil D, Cohen J, Murdiyarso D, Gutierrez V, van Noordwijk M, Creed IF, Pokorny J, Gaveau D, Spracklen DV, Tobella AB, Ilstedt U, Teuling AJ, Gebrehiwot SG, Sands DC, Muys B, Verbist B et al (2017) Trees, forests and water: cool insights for a hot world. Glob Environ Change 43:51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.01.002
Article
Google Scholar
Falkenmark M, Rockstrom J (2004) Balancing Water for Humans and Nature, the New Approach in Ecohydrology. Earthscan, London
Google Scholar
Ford CR, Goranson CE, Mitchell RJ, Will RE, Teskey RO (2004a) Diurnal and seasonal variability in the radial distribution of sap flow: predicting total stem flow in Pinus taeda trees. Tree Physiol 24(9):951–960. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/24.9.951
Ford CR, McGuire MA, Mitchell RJ, Teskey RO (2004b) Assessing variation in the radial profile of sap flux density in Pinus species and its effect on daily water use. Tree Physiol 24(3):241–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/24.3.241
Granier A (1987) Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements. Tree Physiol 3(4):309–320. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/3.4.309
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Green SR, Clothier BE (1988) Water use of kiwifruit vines and apple trees by the heat-pulse technique. J Exper Bot 39(1):115–123. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/39.1.115
Article
Google Scholar
Guswa AJ, Brauman KA, Brown C, Hamel P, Keeler BL, Sayre SS (2014) Ecosystem services: Challenges and opportunities for hydrologic modeling to support decision making. Water Resour Res 50(5):4535–4544. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015497
Article
Google Scholar
Hatton TJ, Moore SJ, Reece PH (1995) Estimating stand transpiration in Eucalyptus populea woodland with the heat pulse method: measurement errors and sampling strategies. Tree Physiol 12:219–227
Article
Google Scholar
Kim H (2020) The economic value of private woodlots in Southern Ontario. Toronto: Dissertation, University of Toronto
Kool D, Agam N, Lazarovitch N, Heitman JL, Sauer TJ, Ben-Gal A (2014) A review of approaches for evapotranspiration partitioning. Agric For Meteorol 184:56–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.09.003
Article
Google Scholar
Kumagai T, Aoki S, Nagasawa H, Mabuchi T, Kubota K, Inoue S, Utsumi Y, Otsuki K (2005) Effects of tree-to-tree and radial variations on sap flow estimates of transpiration in Japanese cedar. Agric For Meteorol 135:1–4
Article
Google Scholar
LRC (2005) Managing Restoration in Conifer Plantations to Restore a Mixed, Hardwood Forest. http://www.lrconline.com/Extension_Notes_English/pdf/Conifer%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf. Accessed 17 Mar 2021
Google Scholar
Lu P, Müller WJ, Chacko EK (2000) Spatial variations in xylem sap flux density in the trunk of orchard-grown, mature mango trees under changing soil water conditions. Tree Physiol 20(10):683–692. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.10.683
Article
Google Scholar
Lu P, Urban L, Zhao P (2004) Granier’s thermal dissipation probe (TDP) method for measuring sap flow in trees: theory and practice. Acta Botanica Sinica 46:631–646
Google Scholar
Marotzke J, Jakob C, Bony S, Dirmeyer PA, O’Gorman PA, Hawkins E, Perkins-Kirkpatrick S, Quéré CL, Nowicki S, Paulavets K, Seneviratne SI, Stevens B, Tuma M (2017) Climate research must sharpen its view. Nat Clim Change 7(2):89–91. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3206
Article
Google Scholar
Matheny AM, Bohrer G, Vogel CS, Morin TH, He L, Prata de Moraes Frasson R, Mirfenderesgi G, KVR S, Gough CM, Ivanov VY, Curtis PS (2014) Species-specific transpiration responses to intermediate disturbance in a northern hardwood forest. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 119(12):2292–2311. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002804
Article
Google Scholar
McIntire CD (2018) Impacts and Management of Foliar Pathogens of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) in the Northeasten United States. Durham: Dissertation, University of New Hampshire
McLaren JD, Arain MA, Khomik M, Peichl M, Brodeur JJ (2008) Water flux components and soil water-atmospheric controls in a temperate pine forest growing in a well-drained sandy soil. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 113:G04031
Article
Google Scholar
Nadezhdina N, Cermak J, Ceulemans R (2002) Radial patterns of sap flow in woody stems of dominant and understory species: scaling errors associated with positioning of sensors. Tree Physiol 22(13):907–918. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.13.907
Article
Google Scholar
Nadezhdina N, Nadezhdin V, Ferreira MI, Pitacco A (2007) Variability with xylem depth in sap flow in trunks and branches of mature olive trees. Tree Physiol 27(1):105–113. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.1.105
Article
Google Scholar
Nature Conservancy Canada (2020) Red pine: an important species in Norfolk County. https://www.natureconservancy.ca/en/where-we-work/ontario/featured-projects/backus-woods/interpretive-features/red-pine.html. Accessed 2 Nov 2020
Oishi AC, Hawthorne DA, Oren R (2016) Baseliner: an open-source, interactive tool for processing sap flux data from thermal dissipation probes. SoftwareX 5:39–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2016.07.003
Article
Google Scholar
Oren R, Phillips N, Katul G, Ewers BE, Pataki DE (1998) Scaling xylem sap flux and soil water balance and calculating variance: a method for partitioning water flux in forests. Ann Forest Sci 55(1-2):191–216. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19980112
Article
Google Scholar
Pappas C, Matheny AM, Baltzer JL, Barr AG, Black TA, Bohrer G, Detto M, Maillet J, Roy A, Sonnentag O, Stephens J (2018) Boreal tree hydrodynamics: asynchronous, diverging, yet complementary. Tree Physiol 38(7):953–964. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpy043
Article
Google Scholar
Peichl M, Arain MA, Brodeur JJ (2010) Age effects on carbon fluxes in temperate pine forests. Agric For Meteorol 150(7-8):1090–1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.04.008
Article
Google Scholar
Phillips N, Oren R, Zimmermann R (1996) Radial patterns of xylem sap flow in non-, diffuse- and ring-porous tree species. Plant Cell Environ 19(8):983–990. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00463
Article
Google Scholar
Poyatos R, Čermák J, Llorens P (2007) Variation in the radial patterns of sap flux density in pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) and its implications for tree and stand transpiration measurements. Tree Physiol 27:537–548. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.4.537
Restrepo NC, Arain MA (2005) Energy and water exchanges from a temperate pine plantation forest. Hydrol Process 19(1):27–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5758
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Schlesinger WH, Jasechko S (2014) Transpiration in the global water cycle. Agric For Meteorol 189–190:115–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.011
Article
Google Scholar
Schneider T, Teixeira J, Bretherton CS, Brient F, Pressel KG, Schar C, Siebesma AP (2017) Climate goals and computing the future of clouds. Nature Clim Change 7(1):3–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3190
Article
Google Scholar
Skubel R, Arain MA, Peichl M, Brodeur JJ, Khomik M, Thorne R, Trant J, Kula M (2015) Age effects on the water-use efficiency and water-use dynamics of temperate pine plantation forests. Hydrol Process 29(18):4100–4113. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10549
Article
Google Scholar
Skubel R, Khomik M, Brodeur JJ, Thorne R, Arain MA (2017) Short-term selective thinning effects on hydraulic functionality of a temperate pine forest in eastern Canada. Ecohydrology 10(18):e1780. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10549
Swanson RH, Whitfield DWA (1981) A numerical analysis of heat pulse velocity theory and practice. J Exper Bot 32:221–239. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/32.1.221
Article
Google Scholar
Vandegehuchte MW, Steppe K (2013) Corrigendum to: Sap-flux density measurement methods: working principles and applicability. Funct Plant Biol 40(10):1088–1088. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP12233_CO
Article
Google Scholar
Wei Z, Yoshimura K, Wang L, Miralles DG, Jasechko S, Lee X (2017) Revisiting the contribution of transpiration to global terrestrial evapotranspiration. Geophys Res Lett 44(6):2792–2801. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072235
Article
Google Scholar
Wullschleger SD, King AW (2000) Radial variation in sap velocity as a function of stem diameter and sapwood thickness in yellow-poplar trees. Tree Physiol 20(8):511–518. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.8.511
Article
Google Scholar
Zang D, Beadle CL, White DA (1996) Variation of sapflow velocity in Eucalyptus globulus with position in sapwood and use of a correction coefficient. Tree Physiol 16(8):697–703. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/16.8.697
Zhang JG, He QY, Shi WY, Otsuki K, Yamanaka N, Du S (2015) Radial variations in xylem sap flow and their effect on whole-tree water use estimates. Hydrol Process 29(24):4993–5002. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10465
Article
Google Scholar
Zhang X, Flato G, Kirchmeier-Young M, Vincent L, Wan H, Wang X, Rong R, Fyfe J, Li G, Kharin VV (2019) Changes in temperature and precipitation across Canada. In: Bush E, Lemmen DS (eds) Canada’s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, pp 112–193