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Table 1 Summary of CMIP5 ESMs and their land carbon cycle components

From: Country-level land carbon sink and its causing components by the middle of the twenty-first century

Model name of ESMs

Version

Modeling group

Land carbon cycle components

Number of plant functional types

Number of live carbon pools

Dynamic vegetation

Nitrogen cycle

Original resolution of latitude and longitude (° lat × ° lon)

References

BCC-CSM1.1

20120918

Beijing Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration

BCC-AVIM1.0

15

3

No

No

2.81 × 2.81

Ji et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2013

BNU-ESM

20120504

College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University

CoLM+BNUDGVM (based on LPJ)

10

4

Yes

No

2.81 × 2.81

Dai et al. 2003, 2004; Ji et al. 2014

CanESM2

20120410

Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis

CLASS2.7+CTEM1

9

3

No

No

2.81 × 2.81

Arora and Boer. 2010

CESM1-BGC

20121029

Community Earth System Model Contributors

CLM4

15

4

No

Yes

0.94 × 1.25

Thornton and Zimmermann 2007; Thornton et al. 2007, 2009; Lawrence et al. 2011

GFDL-ESM2G

20121206

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory

LM3

5

5

Yes

No

1.99 × 2.48

Shevliakova et al. 2009; Dunne et al. 2013

HadGEM2-ES

20111007

Met Office Hadley Centre

TRIFFID

5

3

Yes

No

1.24 × 1.88

Cox 2001; Collins et al. 2011; Jones et al. 2011; The HadGEM2 Development Team 2011

INM-CM4

20110323

Institute for Numerical Mathematics

LSM 1.0

12

3

No

No

1.50 × 2.00

Bonan 1996; Volodin 2007

IPSL-CM5A-MR

20120430

Institut Pierre Simon Laplace

ORCHIDEE

12

8

No

No

1.26 × 2.50

Dufresne et al. 2013; Krinner et al. 2005

MIROC-ESM

20120710

Japan Agency for Marine- Earth Science and Technology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (The University of Tokyo), and National Institute for Environmental Studies

MATSIRO+SEIB–DGVM

13

4

Yes

No

2.81 × 2.81

Sato et al. 2007; Watanabe et al. 2011

MPI-ESM-MR

20120503

Max Planck Institute for Meteorology

JSBACH

12

3

Yes

No

1.88 × 1.88

Raddatz et al. 2007; Brovkin et al. 2009; Reick et al. 2013

MRI-ESM1

20130307

Meteorological Research Institute

Models of the biochemical photosynthesis processes at leaf level and LPJ-DGVM at ecosystem level

10

3

Yes

No

1.00 × 0.50

Adachi et al. 2013

NorESM1-ME

20120225

Norwegian Climate Centre

CLM4

15

4

No

Yes

1.88 × 2.50

Tjiputra et al. 2013