Skip to main content

Table 1 Effects of source limitation due to historical disturbance and human competing with pinecones, thinning treatments and season on granivores activities and Korean pine seed regeneration processes

From: Cascading effect of source limitation on the granivore-mediated seed dispersal of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in secondary forest ecosystems

Fixed effect

Source limitation

Season

Thinning treatments

Season

F

df

P

F

df

P

F

df

P

F

df

P

Animal occurrence

6.36

1

0.01

5.29

3

0.15

11.71

2

0.01

13.64

3

0.02

Sciurus vulgaris

5.86

1

0.02

5.80

3

0.12

8.30

2

0.02

5.06

3

0.17

Tamias sibiricus

0.08

1

0.78

22.67

3

0.00

5.80

2

0.05

16.47

3

0.01

Nucifraga caryocatactes

9.48

1

0.00

47.73

3

0.00

2.29

2

0.32

12.77

3

0.00

Apodemus peninsulae

1.37

1

0.24

6.42

3

0.09

3.30

2

0.16

16.20

3

0.00

Seed regeneration processes

            

 Pre-dispersal seed predation

9.68

1

0.00

20.68

3

0.00

3.88

2

0.14

5.13

3

0.16

 Post-dispersal seed predation

1.21

1

0.27

41.41

3

0.00

10.006

2

0.01

128.48

3

0.00

 Scatter-hoarding seed escaped predation

23.64

1

0.00

7.09

3

0.07

1.87

2

0.39

64.51

3

0.00

 Seedling recruitment

6.30

1

0.01

   

116.32

2

0.00

   

 Seedling survival

0.01

1

0.97

   

4.24

2

0.12

   

 Seedling mortality

0.01

1

0.98

   

12.80

2

0.00

   
  1. Significant effects (P < 0.05) are bolded